Orbits.2

Orbits - the Second

Morris, Marx, Manifestos

Stuccist manifesto

OK Arts manifesto

Futurist manifesto

Modernist manifesto

Industrial Revolution

Dark Satanic Mills

 - working condition

- still goes on now - just  don't see it

Carlye -> 'a radical'

quote 1829 - spiritually + physically machinery

"google brain"    lost of concentration, because of looking at new links every few seconds

who's the beardy guy 2? - famous for saying "everyone can paint they just ave to practice"

Ruskin

- after meeting Carlye 

- quote 1854 - men are divided not the labour

William Morris - his wife Jane, went off with beardy guy 2

- v. influenced by Ruskin + Carlye

"Red House" - he designed it + had it built

    - he + his friends furnished it

Business model

art + the artisan brought together

workers co-operative inc. Morris

1881   - socialist politics

has an art manifesto but also a political one

- most people think of Morris as a designer not a politician

disillusioned

- wanted to be able to make stuff that everyone can buy/afford

libertarian socialism

 - giving everyone liberty

originally socialism called for creation of a classes society - a form of Utopia

                             goods go back 

                                to the workers

                            -------------------> 

GOVERNMENT                           WORKERS

      d \                 <-------------------         

       e \                 goods owned by            +

        t  \                 the government                       

         e \                                          FACTORIES

          r  \                                            / s

          m \                                          / e

             i \                                        / t

             n \                                     / a 

              e \                                   / t

               s \                                 / c                                  

                   \    wants, needs,   / i

                    \      resources     / d

                   people, competition

Panopticon                Bentham

 prison design

      - prisoners can be seen all the time by the warders

      - prisoners can't see the warder

 - describes it as a machine

          - the idea that machines can help us "to induce a state of concious + permanent visability that assures the automatic functionality of power" - Michael Foucoult

    - the prisoners become warders of themselves

'a metaphor for modern "disciplinary" societies + their persuasive inclination to observe + normalise'

 - police can film us but we can't film them1

 back

"fear allows very few people to control us

 - because they can, you think they are eg reading people's email/tapping phones

'country has 1% of the population but 20% of the CCTV cameras'

Ideology

"a set of values, beliefs, feelings, representations + institutions by which people collectively make sense of the world they live in"

- not consciously thought of 

- often forcefully/invisibly imposed

- fashion interesting indicator of ideologies

A Theory + A Practice

repeated actions of everyday life

Role of Ideologies

1) explain political phenomena

2) provide adherents with criteria + standards for evaluating right/wrong + good/bad

3) provide identity

4) provide with a program of action - what is to be done?

Karl Marx  - one of the first to look at ideologies

- ideologies arise in class-divided societies for the express purpose of political domination

the class that gets people to work also tells them how to think

"the opiate of the masses"

"some think, others do" 

thinkers get paid more

the brain better that the body          - cartisian split

false conciousness swaddles people against deep critical reflection

at the times of Marx's writing the idea that some people are natural slaves

Legitimacy

- almost always concerned with a claim to a bona fide membership of a class

Gramsci (1892 -1937)

 - interested in ideology

   - represents a system of interest + reproduction

Hegemony - when the dominant ideology becomes the 'norm'

ideology - way we create meaning in our lives

eg. might not want to so the written side of a course so you might prefer an apprenticeship, but you are still at uni doing a degree because it is hegemonic

people do things that don't appear to be in their interest

Althusser
each society has a dominant ideology shared by the majority
- doesn't necessarily support everyone's interests
"meaning in the science of power"

- police function by violence ultimately
- don't do bad things if  the police are watching also don't do bad things incase they are watching

Mechanisms of ideology

RSA's force people to conform
ISA's try to win you over

Ghandi influenced by Thoreau

trained by school since the age of 4 tells you how to behave - rights/wrongs

Tony Benn

Russell Brand - Jeremy Paxman interview

when we forget that there are alternatives
get the concept of hegemony

find ideologies

1) language, text and representation
2) material institutions
3) heads and hearts

More modern ideas of ideology
James Scott
thick + thin versions of false conciousness

thick - claims consent
thin - people are resigned to it

"The Spirit Level" - book

Legacy           Morris

Gropius
Bauhaus
Futurists
Veblen
Leach
Hamada
Studio Crafts

Morris - has a 'fictionary' rather than a factory
     - had the workers but didn't want a factory

Utopia - paradise

design your own
- not too private

Distopia - opposite of utopia